Fractionation and Characterization of the Bioactive Compounds of the Extracts of Buds of Syzygium aromaticum

Abstract

This research focused on the separation and identification of bioactive components of the methanolic extracts of the buds of Syzygium aromaticum. A bioassay and phytochemical screening were performed on the various solvent fractions, and the most active fraction was subjected to spectroscopic analysis using infrared, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance to determine the structure of the active compounds present. The methodology involved extracting the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum using methanol, fractionating the plant extract using three solvents—n-hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol, and performing a bio Using the agar well diffusion method, the antibacterial properties of the three solvent fractions were ascertained. The analysis' findings revealed that each of the three solvent fractions had tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and reducing sugars; the only fraction to contain saponins was the ethylacetate fraction, and the only fraction to have glycosides. The results of the study further showed that the ethylacetate fraction had the strongest antimicrobial activity against the test organisms, inhibiting the growth of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans at concentrations of 200 mg/mL. The structural elucidation of the active compounds responsible for the antimicrobial was done through spectroscopic analysis using infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of this plant highlighted the significance of the extracts in traditional drug preparations, according to the study's findings, which suggested that the antimicrobial properties of the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum may be due to the synergetic or individual effects of the phytoconstituents found.